| Perm Krai (English) Пермский край (Russian) | |
|---|---|
| - Krai - | |
 | |
 Coat of arms of Perm Krai |  Flag of Perm Krai |
| Anthem | none[citation needed] |
| Political status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Political status | Krai |
| Federal district | Volga[1] |
| Economic region | Urals[2] |
| Administrative center | Perm[citation needed] |
| Official language | Russian[3] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census preliminary results)[4] | 2,635,800 inhabitants |
| - Rank within Russia | 17th |
| - Urban[4] | 75.0% |
| - Rural[4] | 25.0% |
| Population (2002 Census)[5] | 2,819,421 inhabitants |
| - Rank within Russia | 15th |
| - Urban[5] | 75.3% |
| - Rural[5] | 24.7% |
| - Density | 17.56 /km2 (45.5 /sq mi)[6] |
| Area (as of the 2002 Census)[7] | 160,600 km2 (62,008.0 sq mi) |
| - Rank within Russia | 24th |
| Established | December 1, 2005[8] |
| License plates | 90 |
| ISO 3166-2:RU | RU-PER |
| Time zone | YEKST (UTC+06:00) |
| Government (as of March 2011) | |
| Governor[9] | Oleg Chirkunov[10] |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly[11] |
| Charter | Charter of Perm Krai |
| Official website | |
| http://www.perm.ru | |
Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, Permsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. The city of Perm became the administrative center of the new federal subject.
Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relies heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.
Contents[hide] |
[edit] Geography
Perm Krai is located in the east of the East European Plain and the western slope of the Middle Ural Mountains. 99.8% of its area are located in Europe, 0.2% - in Asia.
- length from north to south - 645 km;
- length from west to east - 417.5 km.
Borders with: Komi Republic (to the north), Kirov Oblast (to the northwest), Udmurt Republic (to the southwest), Bashkortostan (to the south) and Sverdlovsk Oblast (to the east).
Borders of krai have length more 2,200 km. The highest point is mount Tulymsky Kamen (1,496 m).
[edit] Rivers
Rivers of Perm Krai belong to the Kama River Basin, the largest tributary of Volga River. There are more than 29 thousand rivers in Perm Krai. The total length of all rivers is more than 90,000 kilometers (~55862 mi).
Only two rivers in Perm Krai have lengths exceeding 500 km. They are Kama River (1805 km (1120 mi)) and Chusovaya River (592 km (367 mi)).
There are about 40 rivers with length from 100 km (62 mi) to 500 km (310 mi). The longest of them are:
- Sylva River — 493 km (306 mi)
- Kolva River — 460 km (285 mi)
- Vishera River — 415 km (258 mi)
- Yayva River — 403 km (250 mi)
- Kosva River — 283 km (176 mi)
- Kosa River — 267 km (165 mi)
- Veslyana River — 266 km (165 mi)
- Inva River — 257 km (159 mi)
- Obva River — 247 km (153 mi)
There are also many small rivers, but some of them have historical significance, for example Yegoshikha River, in mouth of which city Perm was founded.
[edit] Climate
It has continental climate. Winters are long and snowing. Average temperatures in January vary from – 18 °C in the northeast part of krai to – 15 °C in southwest part. Extreme minimum is – 53 °C (in the north).
[edit] Minerals
Perm Krai is rich with minerals, that can be explained its diverse relief in mountainous and flat parts. There are produced: oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, chromites, peat, limestone, building materials and others.[12]
Oil in its area was fist discovered in 1929 near settlement Verhnechusovskie Gorodki. Currently there are known more than 180 oil and gas fields. Among them are developed: 89 oil, 2 gas and 18 both oil and gas fields. Most of them are small and extracted in central and southern districts of krai. Northern fields a less developed because of deep lying of oil under salt layers.
Coal is mined in Perm Krai more than 200 years. For a long time it played an important role in fuel and energy balance in the region. Maximum mining was in 1960 and reached 12 million tones, after it mining decrease and there are no exploration of new fields.
In Perm Krai is located Verkhnekamskoye deposit of potassium salts, one of the largest in the world. Its area is approx. 1,800 km², thickness of salt layers reach 514 m.
[edit] Flora and fauna
Forests are covered about 71% of krai's area. Predominant are coniferous forests, percentage of deciduous forests increase from north to south. There are 62 species of mammals, more than 270 species of birds, 39 species of fishes, 6 species of reptile and 9 species of amphibians.
In Perm Krai located 2 nature reserves: Basegi and Vishera.
[edit] Administrative divisions
Administratively, the krai is divided into thirty-three districts, fourteen cities of krai significance, and one closed administrative-territorial formation. Six administrative districts are grouped into Komi-Permyak Okrug, which is an administrative unit with special status formed within Perm Krai as a result of the 2005 merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, both of which used to be the federal subjects.
Municipally, the territories of all administrative districts and those of nine cities of krai significance are incorporated as municipal districts. The remaining five cities are incorporated as urban okrugs.
[edit] Population
According to the 2002 Census, population of Perm Krai is 2,819,421. 2007 estimates showed 2,708,419.
Ethnic groups: Russians (85.2%), Komi-Permyaks (5.67%), Tatars (4.85%), Bashkirs (1,45%), Ukrainians (0,91%), Udmurts (0,91%), Belarusians (0,45%), Germans (0,4%) and others.
There are about 40,740 Bashkirs is Perm Krai, according 2002 census. Most of them live in Bardymsky District, in basin of Tulva River and belong to tribe gaina. Tatars live in almost all settlements of Perm Krai. There are several different ethnographical groups of Tatar people. In this territory for long time was active contacts between Tatars and Bashkins, so in some cases it’s difficult to delineate this ethnic groups, especially in such areas as Kuyedinsky District and Tulva River basin. [13] [14]
[edit] Principal inhabited localities
| Inhabited locality | Population[citation needed] | |
|---|---|---|
| Perm | 986,500 | |
| Berezniki | 164,100 | |
| Solikamsk | 95,200 | |
| Tchaikovsky | 82,300 | |
| Kungur | 67,900 | |
| Lysva | 67,700 | |
| Krasnokamsk | 52,600 | |
| Chusovoy | 48,500 |
[edit] Demographics
Vital Statistics for 2007: Source
- Birth Rate: 12.05 per 1000
- Death Rate: 15.70 per 1000
- Net Immigration: -1.0 per 1000
- NGR: -0.37% per Year
- PGR: -0.48% per Year
Death rates in some of the remote and rural areas in Perm Krai are very high, never seen before during times other than major wars or natural calamities. Just five districts out of a total of 47 have a surplus of births over death in Perm Krai. The birth rate in Perm Krai is much higher compared to other European regions. For example, the birth rate for Germany was 8.3 per 1000 in 2007. Perm as a whole is having 50% higher birth rate, and even the district with the lowest birth rate is having 20% higher BR compared to Germany. In 2008, the birth rate in Perm Krai was 8% higher than that of 2007. Close to 35.5 thousand births were recorded with the heaviest increases in City of Perm (+11%) and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (+18%). Among the districts, Kudymkar City recorded a 46% rise in birth rates for 2008 compared to 2007, while Usolsky recorded a 31% rise and Kyshertsky recorded a 29% rise. In 13 of the districts, there were more births than deaths, among them Ordynsky, Karagaysky, Kudimkar, Chernushynsky, Chaykovsky & Permsky.[15]
[edit] Demographics for 2007
District | Population | Births | Deaths | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perm Krai | 2,718,227 | 32,747 | 42,680 | 12.05 | 15.70 | -0.37% |
| Bolshesosnovsky | 14,292 | 219 | 268 | 15.32 | 18.75 | -0.34% |
| Vereshchagynsky | 43,410 | 710 | 744 | 16.36 | 17.14 | -0.08% |
| Gornozavodsky | 27,885 | 396 | 582 | 14.20 | 20.87 | -0.65% |
| Yelovsky | 12,299 | 176 | 229 | 14.31 | 18.62 | -0.43% |
| Kochevsky | 12,356 | 181 | 196 | 14.65 | 15.86 | -0.12% |
| Ilyinsky | 20,311 | 278 | 408 | 13.69 | 20.09 | -0.64% |
| Karagaysky | 23,907 | 360 | 381 | 15.06 | 15.94 | -0.08% |
| Kishertsky | 14,578 | 158 | 280 | 10.84 | 19.21 | -0.83% |
| Krasnovishersky | 26,287 | 335 | 455 | 12.74 | 17.31 | -0.45% |
| Kuyedinsky | 30,576 | 446 | 489 | 14.59 | 15.99 | -0.14% |
| Kungursky | 46,370 | 727 | 720 | 15.68 | 15.53 | 0.01% |
| Kudymkarsky | 27,922 | 429 | 676 | 15.36 | 24.21 | -0.88% |
| Nitvensky | 45,552 | 656 | 858 | 14.40 | 18.84 | -0.44% |
| Oktyabrsky | 34,789 | 481 | 585 | 13.83 | 16.82 | -0.30% |
| Ordinsky | 16,185 | 247 | 241 | 15.26 | 14.89 | 0.04% |
| Osinsky | 32,074 | 410 | 550 | 12.78 | 17.15 | -0.44% |
| Okhansky | 17,180 | 202 | 359 | 11.76 | 20.90 | -0.91% |
| Ochyorsky | 24,651 | 366 | 455 | 14.85 | 18.46 | -0.36% |
| Permsky | 87,342 | 1,275 | 1,383 | 14.60 | 15.83 | -0.12% |
| Sivinsky | 16,797 | 297 | 266 | 17.68 | 15.84 | 0.18% |
| Solikamsky | 17,637 | 203 | 265 | 11.51 | 15.03 | -0.35% |
| Suksunsky | 20,925 | 294 | 349 | 14.05 | 16.68 | -0.26% |
| Uynsky | 12,631 | 180 | 212 | 14.25 | 16.78 | -0.25% |
| Usolsky | 13,788 | 176 | 299 | 12.76 | 21.69 | -0.88% |
| Chastinsky | 14,450 | 207 | 254 | 14.33 | 17.58 | -0.33% |
| Cherdynsky | 32,522 | 342 | 542 | 10.52 | 16.67 | -0.61% |
| Gaynsky | 16,106 | 214 | 268 | 13.29 | 16.64 | -0.33% |
| Chernushinsky | 52,231 | 811 | 638 | 15.53 | 12.21 | 0.33% |
| Perm | 987,246 | 10,094 | 13,167 | 10.22 | 13.34 | -0.31% |
| Alexandrovsky | 34,554 | 427 | 662 | 12.36 | 19.16 | -0.68% |
| Berezniki | 165,950 | 1,822 | 2,484 | 10.98 | 14.97 | -0.40% |
| Gremyachinsky | 15,075 | 178 | 367 | 11.81 | 24.34 | -1.25% |
| Gubakhinsky | 40,086 | 448 | 826 | 11.18 | 20.61 | -0.92% |
| Dobryansky | 61,365 | 792 | 950 | 12.91 | 15.48 | -0.26% |
| Kizelovsky | 30,837 | 381 | 827 | 12.36 | 26.82 | -1.43% |
| Krasnokamsky | 40,393 | 816 | 1,264 | 20.20 | 31.29 | -0.64% |
| Kungur | 68,074 | 872 | 981 | 12.81 | 14.41 | -0.16% |
| Lysvensky | 82,921 | 1,016 | 1,598 | 12.25 | 19.27 | -0.70% |
| Solikamsk | 97,269 | 1,165 | 1,464 | 11.98 | 15.05 | -0.30% |
| Chaykovsky | 108,617 | 1,374 | 1,332 | 12.65 | 12.26 | 0.04% |
| Chusovskoy | 73,314 | 879 | 1,531 | 11.99 | 20.88 | -0.89% |
| Yurlinsky | 11,046 | 200 | 253 | 18.11 | 22.90 | -0.48% |
| Kosinsky | 7,716 | 130 | 160 | 16.85 | 20.74 | -0.38% |
| Yusvinsky | 22,626 | 288 | 475 | 12.73 | 20.99 | -0.82% |
| Kudymkar | 30,964 | 385 | 511 | 12.43 | 16.50 | -0.40% |
| Bardymsky | 27,529 | 361 | 537 | 13.11 | 19.51 | -0.64% |
| Beryozovsky | 17,901 | 230 | 281 | 12.85 | 15.70 | -0.28% |
[edit] Major attractions
Perm Krai is home of several museums:
- Perm State Art Galery
- Perm Museum of Local History
- Museum of Motovilikha Plants
- Architectural-Ethnographic Museum Khokhlovka and others.
Numerous architectural monuments locates in small town Usolye, in north of Perm Krai. Particularly important are the Saviour Cathedral with a separate bell tower and House of Stroganov.
There are many theatres, in centre of Perm Krai, city Perm. The most famous of them is Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre, that one of the best in Russia. Also there are Perm Academic Theatre, Puppet Theatre, the Theatre for Young Spectators, the Theatre "Near Bridge" and others. There are many temples and convents in Perm Krai. The most significant of them are: Belogorsky Convent located in 85 km from Perm, Sludskaya Church, Fedosievskaya Church, Perm Mosque and others.
(copy of wikipedia)
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