Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Яма́ло-Нене́цкий автоно́мный о́круг, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug; Nenets: Ямалы-Ненёцие’’ автономной ӈокрук), or Yamalia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast).
The administrative center of the autonomous okrug is the town of Salekhard, and the two largest towns by population are Noyabrsk (pop. 96,440) and Novy Urengoy (pop. 94,456).
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[edit] Geography and natural history
The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe that have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.[9]
Yamalia is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.
[edit] Administrative divisions
[edit] Demographics
- Population (2002): 507,006.
- Ethnic groups:
As oil workers from across Russia far outnumber indigenous people in the region it should come as no surprise that the Nenets only make up 5.2% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians (58.8%), Ukrainians (13%), and Tatars (5.4%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians (1.8%), Khants (1.7%), Azerbaijanis (1.65%), Bashkirs (1.56%), Komi (1.22%), and Moldovans (1.06%). (All figures are from the 2002 census)
| 1939 census | 1959 census | 1970 census | 1979 census | 1989 census | 2002 census | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nenets | 13,454 (29.3%) | 13,977 (22.4%) | 17,538 (21.9%) | 17,404 (11.0%) | 20,917 (4.2%) | 26,435 (5.2%) |
| Khants | 5,367 (11.7%) | 5,519 (8.9%) | 6,513 (8.1%) | 6,466 (4.1%) | 7,247 (1.5%) | 8,760 (1.7%) |
| Komi | 4,722 (10.3%) | 4,866 (7.8%) | 5,445 (6.8%) | 5,642 (3.6%) | 6,000 (1.2%) | 6,177 (1.2%) |
| Selkups | 87 (0.2%) | 1,245 (2.0%) | 1,710 (2.1%) | 1,611 (1.0%) | 1,530 (0.3%) | 1,797 (0.4%) |
| Russians | 19,308 (42.1%) | 27,789 (44.6%) | 37,518 (46.9%) | 93,750 (59.0%) | 292,808 (59.2%) | 298,359 (58.8%) |
| Ukrainians | 395 (0.9%) | 1,921 (3.1%) | 3,026 (3.8%) | 15,721 (9.9%) | 85,022 (17.2%) | 66,080 (13.0%) |
| Tatars | 1,636 (3.6%) | 3,952 (6.3%) | 4,653 (5.8%) | 8,556 (5.4%) | 26,431 (5.3%) | 27,734 (5.5%) |
| Others | 871 (1.9%) | 3,065 (4.9%) | 3,574 (4.5%) | 9,694 (6.1%) | 54,889 (11.1%) | 71,664 (14.1%) |
Vital statistics
- Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
| Births | Deaths | Birth rate | Death rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1,683 | 879 | 20.0 | 10.5 |
| 1975 | 2,307 | 819 | 18.2 | 6.4 |
| 1980 | 3,347 | 1,178 | 17.3 | 6.1 |
| 1985 | 7,838 | 1,555 | 21.0 | 4.2 |
| 1990 | 8,032 | 1,631 | 16.4 | 3.3 |
| 1991 | 7,121 | 1,623 | 14.7 | 3.4 |
| 1992 | 6,123 | 2,108 | 13.0 | 4.5 |
| 1993 | 5,697 | 2,764 | 12.2 | 5.9 |
| 1994 | 6,274 | 2,998 | 13.3 | 6.3 |
| 1995 | 6,337 | 3,107 | 13.1 | 6.4 |
| 1996 | 6,241 | 3,004 | 12.8 | 6.1 |
| 1997 | 6,208 | 2,715 | 12.5 | 5.5 |
| 1998 | 6,395 | 2,544 | 12.8 | 5.1 |
| 1999 | 6,071 | 2,608 | 12.2 | 5.2 |
| 2000 | 5,839 | 2,763 | 11.7 | 5.6 |
| 2001 | 6,388 | 3,057 | 12.8 | 6.1 |
| 2002 | 6,635 | 2,934 | 13.1 | 5.8 |
| 2003 | 7,163 | 3,093 | 14.0 | 6.0 |
| 2004 | 7,264 | 2,975 | 14.0 | 5.7 |
| 2005 | 7,148 | 3,099 | 13.6 | 5.9 |
| 2006 | 7,036 | 3,000 | 13.2 | 5.6 |
| 2007 | 7,700 | 2,937 | 14.2 | 5.4 |
| 2008 | 7,892 | 2,959 | 14.5 | 5.4 |
- Demographics for 2008 Jan-Sep
For the Okrug. [1]
Raion(2008 Jan-Sep) | Pp (2007) | Births | Deaths | Growth | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamalo-Nenetsky Okrug | 538,600 | 5,814 | 2,202 | 3,612 | 14.39 | 5.45 | 0.89% |
| Salekhard | 40,500 | 499 | 256 | 243 | 16.43 | 8.43 | 0.80% |
| Gubkinsky | 22,300 | 263 | 71 | 192 | 15.72 | 4.25 | 1.15% |
| Labytnangi | 27,700 | 333 | 212 | 121 | 16.03 | 10.20 | 0.58% |
| Muravlenko | 37,000 | 361 | 104 | 257 | 13.01 | 3.75 | 0.93% |
| Nadym | 48,500 | 443 | 197 | 246 | 12.18 | 5.42 | 0.68% |
| Novy Urengoy | 117,000 | 1122 | 334 | 788 | 12.79 | 3.81 | 0.90% |
| Noyabrsk | 109,900 | 1029 | 384 | 645 | 12.48 | 4.66 | 0.78% |
| Krasnoselkupsky | 6,200 | 99 | 41 | 58 | 21.29 | 8.82 | 1.25% |
| Nadymsky | 21,300 | 221 | 67 | 154 | 13.83 | 4.19 | 0.96% |
| Priuralsky | 15,300 | 179 | 72 | 107 | 15.60 | 6.27 | 0.93% |
| Purovsky | 49,900 | 548 | 195 | 353 | 14.64 | 5.21 | 0.94% |
| Tazovsky | 17,200 | 268 | 92 | 176 | 20.78 | 7.13 | 1.36% |
| Shuryshkarsky | 9,900 | 144 | 69 | 75 | 19.39 | 9.29 | 1.01% |
| Yamalsky | 15,900 | 305 | 108 | 197 | 25.58 | 9.06 | 1.65% |
[edit] Economy
Yamalia is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production.[10] The region is of utmost importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale.
[edit] History
On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug (Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ) was formed based on Ural Oblast.
(copy of wikipedia)
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