EAST JAVA-(INDONESIA)

East Java Jawa Timur
— Province —
Seal
Motto: Jer Basuki Mawa Béya (Javanese) (meaning: Efforts are needed to get success or prosper)
Location of East Java in Indonesia
Coordinates: 7°16′S 112°45′E / 7.267°S 112.75°E / -7.267; 112.75Coordinates: 7°16′S 112°45′E / 7.267°S 112.75°E / -7.267; 112.75
Country	Indonesia
Capital	Surabaya
Government
- Governor	Soekarwo
Area
- Total	47,922 km2 (18,502.8 sq mi)
Population (2010)
- Total	37,476,011
- Density	782/km2 (2,025.4/sq mi)
Demographics
- Ethnic groups	Javanese (79%), Madurese (18%), Osing (1%), Chinese (1%)[1]
- Religion	Islam (95.4%), Christianity (3.4%), Buddhism (0.6%), Hinduism (0.5%), Confucianism 0.1%, Kejawen also practised[2]
- Languages	Javanese, Madurese, Indonesian
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)
Website	www.jatim.go.id

East Java (Indonesian: Jawa Timur, Javanese: Jawa Wétan) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and includes neighboring Madura and islands to its east, and the Bawean islands. The provincial capital is Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia and a major industrial center and port.

Contents [hide] 1 Population 2 Religion 3 Administrative areas 4 History 5 Natural resources 6 Education 7 Media 8 National parks 9 Culinary 10 References 11 External links

[edit] Population

According to the 2000 census, East Java has 34 million inhabitants, estimated to increase to 37.4 million in 2010,^[3] making it the second most populous Indonesian province after West Java. The inhabitants are predominantly ethnically Javanese. Native minorities include migrants from nearby Madura, and distinct Javanese ethnicities such as the Tengger people in Bromo, the Samin and the Osing people in Banyuwangi. East Java also hosts a significant population of other ethnic groups, such as Chinese, Indians, and Arabs. In addition to the national language, Indonesian, they also speak Javanese. Javanese as spoken in the western East Java is a similar dialect to the one spoken in nearby Central Java, with its hierarchy of high, medium, and low registers. In the eastern cities of Surabaya, Malang, and surrounding areas, a more egalitarian version of Javanese is spoken, with less regard for hierarchy and a richer vocabulary for vulgarity.

Madurese is spoken by around 15 million ethnic Madurese, and is concentrated in Madura Island, Kangean Islands, Masalembu Islands, eastern East Java, and East Java's larger cities.

[edit] Religion

Hinduism and Buddhism once dominated the island, however, with the arrival of Islam, Hinduism was gradually pushed out in the 14th and 15th century (see the spread of Islam in Indonesia). The last nobles and loyalists of the fallen empire of Majapahit fled from this point to Bali. Islam spread from northern cities in Java where traders from Gujarat, India brought with them Islam. The eastern part of East Java, from Surabaya to Pasuruan, and the cities along the coast, and back to Banyuwangi to Jember, is known as the "horseshoe area" in context with earlier Muslim communities living there.^{[citation needed]}

Pockets of Hinduism remain, and syncretic abangan streams of Islam and Hinduism remain strong (see Hinduism in Java).

[edit] Administrative areas

See also: Subdivisions of Indonesia

East Java is administratively divided into 29 regencies (or kabupaten) and 9 cities (or kotamadya).

Regencies (seat):

• Java and Bawean island.
  • Banyuwangi
  • Blitar
  • Bojonegoro
  • Bondowoso
  • Gresik
  • Jember
  • Jombang
  • Kediri
  • Lamongan
  • Lumajang
  • Madiun
  • Magetan
  • Malang
  • Mojokerto
  • Nganjuk
  • Ngawi
  • Pacitan
  • Pasuruan
  • Ponorogo
  • Probolinggo
  • Sidoarjo
  • Situbondo
  • Trenggalek
  • Tuban
  • Tulungagung
• Madura and Kangean Islands
  • Bangkalan Regency (Bangkalan)
  • Pamekasan
  • Sampang
  • Sumenep

Cities:

• Batu
• Blitar
• Kediri
• Madiun
• Malang
• Mojokerto
• Pasuruan
• Probolinggo
• Surabaya

[edit] History

East Java's history dates back to the famous ancient kingdoms of Kediri and Singosari, which is now a city near Malang. The Majapahit empire, centered at Trowulan, Mojokerto East Java, is celebrated by Indonesians as the golden age of the archipelago. The Eastern Java region was part of the Mataram Kingdom during its peak.

Farming in East Java in the foothills near Mount Bromo.

[edit] Natural resources

• Chalk (Trenggalek & Gresik the city is also famous of its cement industries)
• Marble (Tulungagung)
• Oil (Cepu)
• Salt (Madura Island)
• Kaolinite (Blitar)

[edit] Education

East Java hosts some of the famous universities in Indonesia, both owned by government and private. Three major cities for universities, because they have government's universities, are Surabaya, Malang, and Jember. Among them, Airlangga University and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember are the most famous, and both are located in Surabaya. See: List of universities in East Java

Another important form of education that is available in most cities in East Java is the pesantren. This kind of education is built and organized by Islamic clerics, and associated with local or national Muslim organizations. Jombang is a famous city for its pesantren.

[edit] Media

East Java supports several regional media outlets. Local newspapers with provincial news reach their readers earlier than their competitors from Jakarta. In the spirit of "providing more news from around readers", most newspapers even issue municipal sections which are different among their distribution areas.

• Jawa Pos Group, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia, is based in Surabaya.
• Surya, is a newspaper based in Surabaya. Surya is now controlled by Kompas, one of the major newspaper groups in Indonesia

[edit] National parks

Deer in Baluran National Park

• Meru Betiri National Park - Between Jember and Banyuwangi districts, this park covers 580 km² (224 sq mi). Hard to get to, it contains fantastic coastal rainforest and scenery and is home to abundant wildlife.
• Alas Purwo National Park - This 434 km² (168 sq mi) park is formed by the Blambangan Peninsula (south eastern Java). Comprising mangrove, savanna, lowland monsoon forests and excellent beaches, the park's name means First Forest in Javanese. Javanese legend says that the earth first emerged from the ocean here.
• Baluran National Park - This 250 km² (97 sq mi) national park is located in north east Java, once known as Indonesia's little piece of Africa, the parks formerly extensive savanna has been largely replaced by Acacia.
• Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park - Located in East Java at the region of Probolinggo and Pasuruan, 70 km (43 mi) from Surabaya the capital city of East Java province. Mount Bromo is one of the great hiking and trekking destinations for overseas tourists.
  
• (copy of wikipedia)